Creating Realistic Phantoms of Human Anatomy with Rapid Prototyping

In cooperation with FIT Fruth Innovative Technologien GmbH, Parsberg, Germany we create realistic phantoms of human anatomy for our research work. Such phantoms help to get closer to the realistic clinical scenario to make development and evaluation of our technology more efficient.

Head Phantom

Aim of te project is to built a head phantom for AR-visualization of severe head and brain trauma: With use of our AR-system (RAMP) and a CAD-CAM model of a patients skull we will realize a scenario which allows to visualize CCT and MRI scans of real patients in situ. This will allow to follow the course of treatment of severe head injury from the emergency room (initial CT scan) to the OR (placement of ICP to measure intracranial pressure and cranial decompression) and to Intensive Care. In the last stage reconstruction of the skull defect will be visualized. After setup of the scenario we will evaluate the insitu visualization in student and cme teaching.

Specification of the Phantom

• Phantom shall consist of the complete skull modeled with a hard material. Lids and skull shall be separable.
• Skin in the face region will be modeled with soft material to simulate skin.

Data Download (STL)

• link

A true-to-scale Phantom of the Visible Korean Human (VKH) for Scientific Research

"The data from the VHP, CVH, and VKH will provide valuable resources to the medical image library of 3D images and software in the field of medical education and clinical trials."
For medical in-situ visualization using different augmented reality (AR) systems, we frequently need phantoms to develop and evaluate our research work. Therefore we overlay real imaging data like CT and MRI onto the phantoms to simulate clinical applications like diagnoses, surgical planning, port placement and navigation of surgical instruments. Currently we use phantoms with unrealistic human anatomy and unrealistic material. Capability of these phantoms to simulate a realistic surgical scenario is not sufficient. To be able to overlay realistic visualized imaging data on realistic anatomy, we follow the approach of producing a phantom from an existing medical imaging data. Beside the Visible Human Project (Caucasian) (VHP) and the Chinese Visible Human (CVH), the Visible Korean Human project provides a full body data set consisting of MRI, CT and a photographic data set. These data sets were produced for scientific research.

• Visible Korean Human. Improved Serially Sectioned Images of The Entire Body
• VKH Website

Surface model of the VKH data set.

Specification of the Phantom

• Modelling the skin and bones: We focus on spine surgery, however, it would be interesting to model further organs for simulation of surgical invertentions concerning soft tissue e.g. liver resection. We have available all kind of organs segmented from the VKH data set. Integration of such tissue depends on the capablilty of 3D printers.
• Do not fill out further areas except they are needed for stabilization: Besides spine surgery interesting surgical applications would concern pelvis, should and knee surgery. If possible bones in these anatomical regions should be accessible.
• We want to be able to open the phantom to reach the spinal column.
• Parts of the spinal column shall be removable to be able to simulate a realistic scenario in spine surgery. Regarding such a scenario, an open operartion site provides access to vertebrae to drill preparative canals into intact vertebrae for pedicle screw implantation. We want to access at least two vertebrae with a surgical drill to perform drilling.
• Material has to be lightweight, robust and ageing resistant. We have to move the Phantom from time to time to show demos at conferences & workshops and to develop applications at different labs in Munich.
• Use different softer material for the face to simulate the skin. The phantom shall be as realistic as possible to get close to different kind of clinical interventions.

Data Download (STL)

Our group will prepare the STL data for construction with 3-Matic and Mimics of Materialise Group, Leuven, Belgium.

• STL data is available here: STL

! Related Publications

A list of published topics, which would benefit from such phantoms.

In-situ visualization shown with our current phantom. An earlier experiment with surgeons of our partner clinic.

Port Placement in Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgery

	M. Baumhauer, M. Feuerstein, H.P. Meinzer, J. Rassweiler Navigation in Endoscopic Soft Tissue Surgery: Perspectives and Limitations Journal of Endourology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1-16, April 2008 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, T. Mussack, S.M. Heining, N. Navab Intraoperative Laparoscope Augmentation for Port Placement and Resection Planning in Minimally Invasive Liver Resection IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 355-369, March 2008 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein Augmented Reality in Laparoscopic Surgery - New Concepts and Methods for Intraoperative Multimodal Imaging and Hybrid Tracking in Computer Aided Surgery Book, ISBN 978-3-8364-7783-3, Vdm Verlag Dr. Müller. (bib)
	M. Feuerstein Augmented Reality in Laparoscopic Surgery - New Concepts for Intraoperative Multimodal Imaging PhD Thesis. The original (high-resolution) publication is available online at mediatum.ub.tum.de (bib)
	N. Navab, J. Traub, T. Sielhorst, M. Feuerstein, C. Bichlmeier Action- and Workflow-Driven Augmented Reality for Computer-Aided Medical Procedures IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 10-14, Sept/Oct, 2007 (bib)
	R. Bauernschmitt, M. Feuerstein, J. Traub, E.U. Schirmbeck, G. Klinker, R. Lange Optimal port placement and enhanced guidance in robotically assisted cardiac surgery Surgical Endoscopy, Volume 21, Number 4, April 2007 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, S.M. Wildhirt, R. Bauernschmitt, N. Navab Automatic Patient Registration for Port Placement in Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgery Proceedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2005), Palm Springs, USA, October 2005. The original publication is available online at www.springerlink.com (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, N. Navab, E.U. Schirmbeck, S.M. Wildhirt, R. Lange, R. Bauernschmitt Endocsope Augmentation for Port Placement and Navigation for Rigid Anatomy 4. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Computer-und Roboter-Assistierte Chirurgie (CURAC 2005), Berlin, Germany, September 2005 (bib)
	R. Bauernschmitt, M. Feuerstein, E.U. Schirmbeck, J. Traub, G. Klinker, S.M. Wildhirt, R. Lange Improved Preoperative Planning in Robotic Heart Surgery IEEE Proceedings of Computers in Cardiology (CinC 2004), pp. 773 - 776, Chicago, USA, September 2004 (bib)
	J. Traub, M. Feuerstein, M. Bauer, E.U. Schirmbeck, H. Najafi, R. Bauernschmitt, G. Klinker Augmented Reality for Port Placement and Navigation in Robotically Assisted Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery Proceedings of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS 2004), pp. 735 - 740, Chicago, USA, June 2004 (bib)

NARVIS - navigated augmented reality visualization system

	A. Winkler, U. Eck, N. Navab Spatially-Aware Displays for Computer Assisted Interventions Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions (MICCAI), Lima, October 2020 (bib)
	F. Bork, A. Lehner, D. Kugelmann, U. Eck, J. Waschke, N. Navab VesARlius: An Augmented Reality System for Large-Group Co-Located Anatomy Learning International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2019 (bib)
	F. Bork, U. Eck, N. Navab Birds vs. Fish: Visualizing Out-Of-View Objects in Augmented Reality using 3D Minimaps International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2019 (bib)
	F. Bork, A. Schnelzer, U. Eck, N. Navab Towards Efficient Visual Guidance in Limited Field-of-View Head-Mounted Displays IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (bib)
	F. Bork, R. Barmaki, U. Eck, K. Yu, C. Sandor, N. Navab Empirical Study of Non-Reversing Magic Mirrors for Augmented Reality Anatomy Learning International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2017 (bib)
	Alana Da Gama, Thiago Menezes Chaves, Lucas Silva Figueiredo, Adriana Baltar, Ma Meng, N. Navab, Veronica Teichrieb, P. Fallavollita MirrARbilitation: A clinically-related gesture recognition interactive tool for an AR rehabilitation system Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine (bib)
	Xiang Wang, S. Habert, C. Schulte-zu-Berge, P. Fallavollita, N. Navab Inverse visualization concept for RGB-D augmented C-arms Computers in Biology and Medicine (bib)
	Ma Meng, P. Fallavollita, S. Habert, Simon Weider, N. Navab Device and System Independent Personal Touchless User Interface for Operating Rooms International Conference on Information Processing in Computer-Assisted Interventions (IPCAI), 2016 (bib)
	P. Fallavollita, A. Brand, L. Wang, E. Euler, P. Thaller, N. Navab, S. Weidert An augmented reality C-arm for intraoperative assessment of the mechanical axis - a preclinical study International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (bib)
	Xiang Wang, S. Habert, Ma Meng, C.-H. Huang, P. Fallavollita, N. Navab Precise 3D/2D calibration between a RGB-D sensor and a C-arm fluoroscope International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (bib)
	Ma Meng, P. Fallavollita, Ina Seelbach, A. von der Heide, E. Euler, J. Waschke, N. Navab Personalized augmented reality for anatomy education Clinical Anatomy (bib)
	P. Fallavollita, L. Wang, S. Weidert, N. Navab Augmented Reality in Orthopaedic Interventions and Education Computational Radiology for Orthopaedic Interventions, Springer International Publishing 2016 (bib)
	Xiang Wang, S. Habert, Ma Meng, C.-H. Huang, P. Fallavollita, N. Navab RGB-D/C-arm Calibration and Application in Medical Augmented Reality International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2015 (bib)
	Ma Meng, , P. Fallavollita, N. Navab Natural user interface for ambient objects International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2015 (bib)
	N. Leucht, S. Habert, P. Wucherer, S. Weidert, N. Navab, P. Fallavollita Augmented Reality for Radiation Awareness International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2015 (bib)
	S. Habert, Ma Meng, W. Kehl, Xiang Wang, F. Tombari, P. Fallavollita, N. Navab Augmenting mobile C-arm fluoroscopes via Stereo-RGBD sensors for multimodal visualization International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2015 (bib)
	S. Habert, J. Gardiazabal, P. Fallavollita, N. Navab RGBDX: first design and experimental validation of a mirror-based RGBD Xray imaging system International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2015 (bib)
	F. Bork, B. Fuerst, A.K. Schneider, F. Pinto, C. Graumann, N. Navab Auditory and Visio-Temporal Distance Coding for 3-Dimensional Perception in Medical Augmented Reality International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2015 (bib)
	F. Milletari, V. Belagiannis, N. Navab, P. Fallavollita Fully automatic catheter localization in C-arm images using l1- Sparse Coding Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions (MICCAI), Boston, September 2014 (bib)
	P. Fallavollita, A. Winkler, S. Habert, P. Wucherer, P. Stefan, Riad Mansour, R. Ghotbi, N. Navab 'Desired-View' controlled positioning of angiographic C-arms Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions (MICCAI), Boston, September 2014 (bib)
	Xiang Wang, S. Demirci, C. Schulte-zu-Berge, P. Fallavollita, N. Navab Improved Interventional X-ray Appearance International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2014 (bib)
	Alana Da Gama, P. Fallavollita, Veronica Teichrieb, N. Navab Motor rehabilitation using Kinect: a systematic review Games for Health Journal (bib)
	Jian Wang, L. Wang, Matthias Kreiser, N. Navab, P. Fallavollita Augmented Depth Perception Visualization in 2D/3D Image Fusion Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics (bib)
	X. Chen, Hemal Naik, L. Wang, N. Navab, P. Fallavollita Video Guided Calibration of an Augmented Reality mobile C-arm International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (IJCARS) (bib)
	P. Fallavollita Detection, Tracking and Related Costs of Ablation Catheters in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias Cardiac Arrhythmias - Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Treatment, Publisher: INTECH, Editor: Wilbert S. Aronow (bib)
	P. Stefan, P. Wucherer, Y. Oyamada, Ma Meng, A. Schoch, , , , , M. Weigl, , P. Fallavollita, H. Saito, N. Navab An AR Edutainment System Supporting Bone Anatomy Learning IEEE Virtual Reality (bib)
	C. Amat di San Filippo, G. Fichtinger, William Morris, Tim Salcudean, E. Dehghan, P. Fallavollita Intraoperative Segmentation of Iodine and Palladium Radioactive Sources in C-arm images International Journal for Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (IJCARS) (bib)
	P. Thaller, B. Diotte, P. Fallavollita, L. Wang, S. Weidert, E. Euler, W. Mutschler, N. Navab Video-assisted interlocking of intramedullary nails Injury, 2013 (bib)
	P. Thaller, B. Diotte, P. Fallavollita, L. Wang, S. Weidert, W. Mutschler, N. Navab, E. Euler Video-navigated targeting unit for interlocking of intramedullary nails – experimental study on a new technique. Kongress der Gesellschaft für Extremitätenverlängerung und Rekonstruktion, 2013 (bib)
	C. Amat di San Filippo, G. Fichtinger, William Morris, Tim Salcudean, E. Dehghan, P. Fallavollita Declustering n-connected components: an example case for the segmentation of iodine implants in C-arm images 4th International Conference on Information Processing in Computer-Assisted Interventions (IPCAI), Heidelberg, Germany, June 26, 2013 (bib)
	S. Weidert, P. Wucherer, P. Stefan, P. Fallavollita, E. Euler, N. Navab Vertebroplasty medical simulation learning environment International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery, Orlando, June 2013 (bib)
	S. Pati, O. Erat, L. Wang, S. Weidert, E. Euler, N. Navab, P. Fallavollita Accurate pose estimation using a single marker camera calibration system SPIE Medical Imaging, Orlando, Florida, USA, February 2013 (bib)
	O. Erat, O. Pauly, S. Weidert, P. Thaller, E. Euler, W. Mutschler, N. Navab, P. Fallavollita How a Surgeon becomes Superman by visualization of intelligently fused multi-modalities SPIE Medical Imaging, Orlando, Florida, USA, February 2013 (bib)
	Ma Meng, P. Fallavollita, T. Blum, U. Eck, C. Sandor, S. Weidert, J. Waschke, N. Navab Kinect for Interactive AR Anatomy Learning The 12th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Adelaide, Australia, Oct. 1 - 4, 2013. (bib)
	Y. Oyamada, P. Fallavollita, N. Navab Single Camera Calibration using partially visible calibration objects based on Random Dots Marker Tracking Algorithm The IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Workshop on Tracking Methods and Applications, 2012 (bib)
	Jian Wang, P. Fallavollita, L. Wang, Matthias Kreiser, N. Navab Augmented Reality during Angiography: Integration of a Virtual Mirror for Improved 2D/3D Visualization The 11th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Atlanta, USA, Nov. 5 - 8, 2012. (bib)
	O. Pauly, A. Katouzian, A. Eslami, P. Fallavollita, N. Navab Supervised Classification for Customized Intraoperative Augmented Reality Visualization The 11th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Atlanta, USA, Nov. 5 - 8, 2012. (bib)
	T. Blum, R. Stauder, E. Euler, N. Navab Superman-like X-ray Vision: Towards Brain-Computer Interfaces for Medical Augmented Reality The 11th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Atlanta, USA, Nov. 5 - 8, 2012. The original publication is available online at ieee.org. (bib)
	A. Aichert, M. Wieczorek, Jian Wang, L. Wang, Matthias Kreiser, P. Fallavollita, N. Navab The Colored X-rays MICCAI 2012 Workshop on Augmented Environments for Computer-Assisted Interventions (bib)
	L. Wang, P. Fallavollita, A. Brand, O. Erat, S. Weidert, P. Thaller, E. Euler, N. Navab Intra-op measurement of the mechanical axis deviation: an evaluation study on 19 human cadaver legs Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions (MICCAI), Nice, France, October 2012 (bib)
	E. Dehghan, J. Lee, P. Fallavollita, N. Kuo, A. Deguet, Yi Le, C. Burdette, D. Song, J. Prince, G. Fichtinger Ultrasound-Fluoroscopy Registration for Prostate Brachytherapy Dosimetry Medical Image Analysis, 2012 (bib)
	A. Brand, L. Wang, P. Fallavollita, Philip Sandner, N. Navab, P. Thaller, E. Euler, S. Weidert Intraoperative measurement of mechanical axis alignment by automatic image stitching: a human cadaver study International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS), South Korea, June 2012 (bib)
	P. Fallavollita The Future of Cardiac Mapping Cardiac Arrhythmias - New Considerations, Publisher: INTECH, Editor: Francisco R. Breijo-Marquez (bib)
	C. Wachinger, M. Yigitsoy, E. Rijkhorst, N. Navab Manifold Learning for Image-Based Breathing Gating in Ultrasound and MRI Medical Image Analysis, Volume 16, Issue 4, May 2012, Pages 806–818. (bib)
	J. Traub New Concepts for Design and Workflow Driven Evaluation of Computer Assisted Surgery Solutions Dissertation an der Fakultät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, 2008 ( online version available here) (bib)
	T. Sielhorst New Methods for Medical Augmented Reality Dissertation an der Fakultät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, 2008 ( online version available here) (bib)
	T. Sielhorst, Wu Sa, A. Khamene, F. Sauer, N. Navab Measurement of absolute latency for video see through augmented reality Sixth IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR'07), Nara, Japan, November 2007 (bib)
	T. Sielhorst, M. Bauer, O. Wenisch, G. Klinker, N. Navab Online Estimation of the Target Registration Error for n-ocular Optical Tracking Systems to appear Proceedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2007), Brisbane, Australia, October 2007, pp. 652-659. (bib)
	T. Sielhorst, C. Bichlmeier, S.M. Heining, N. Navab Depth perception a major issue in medical AR: Evaluation study by twenty surgeons Proceedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2006), Copenhagen, Denmark, October 2006, pp. 364-372 The original publication is available online at www.springerlink.com (bib)
	T. Sielhorst, M. Feuerstein, J. Traub, O. Kutter, N. Navab CAMPAR: A software framework guaranteeing quality for medical augmented reality International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2006; Vol. 1 Suppl. 1, page 29 - 30. The original publication is available online at www.springerlink.com (bib)

3D user interfaces for medical interventions

	N. Navab, J. Traub, T. Sielhorst, M. Feuerstein, C. Bichlmeier Action- and Workflow-Driven Augmented Reality for Computer-Aided Medical Procedures IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 10-14, Sept/Oct, 2007 (bib)
	P. Stefan, J. Traub, S.M. Heining, C. Riquarts, T. Sielhorst, E. Euler, N. Navab Hybrid navigation interface: a comparative study Proceedings of Bildverarbeitung fuer die Medizin (BVM 2007), Munich, Germany, March 2007, pp. 81-86 (bib)
	J. Traub, P. Stefan, S.M. Heining, T. Sielhorst, C. Riquarts, E. Euler, N. Navab Hybrid navigation interface for orthopedic and trauma surgery Proceedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2006), Copenhagen, Denmark, October 2006, pp. 373-380 (bib)
	J. Traub, P. Stefan, S.M. Heining, T. Sielhorst, C. Riquarts, E. Euler, N. Navab Towards a Hybrid Navigation Interface: Comparison of a Slice Based Navigation System with In-situ Visualization Proceedings of International Workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality (MIAR 2006), Shanghai, China, August, 2006, pp.179-186 (bib)
	S.M. Heining, P. Stefan, L. Omary, S. Wiesner, T. Sielhorst, N. Navab, F. Sauer, E. Euler, W. Mutschler, J. Traub Evaluation of an in-situ visualization system for navigated trauma surgery Journal of Biomechanics 2006; Vol. 39 Suppl. 1, page 209 (bib)
	J. Traub, P. Stefan, S.M. Heining, T. Sielhorst, C. Riquarts, E. Euler, N. Navab Stereoscopic augmented reality navigation for trauma surgery: cadaver experiment and usability study International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2006; Vol. 1 Suppl. 1, page 30 - 31. The original publication is available online at www.springerlink.com (bib)
	S.M. Heining, P. Stefan, F. Sauer, E. Euler, N. Navab, J. Traub Evaluation of an in-situ visualization system for navigated trauma surgery Proceedings of The 6th Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS 2006), Montreal, Canada, June, 2006 (bib)

Laparoscope Augmentation for Minimally Invasive Liver Resection

	T. Reichl, J. Gardiazabal, N. Navab Electromagnetic servoing - a new tracking paradigm IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1526-1535, April 2013. Available online. (bib)
	T. Reichl Advanced Hybrid Tracking and Navigation for Computer-Assisted Interventions Dissertation. Official publication available at mediatum.ub.tum.de. (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, T. Reichl, J. Vogel, J. Traub, N. Navab Magneto-Optical Tracking of Flexible Laparoscopic Ultrasound: Model-Based Online Detection and Correction of Magnetic Tracking Errors IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 951-967, June 2009 (bib)
	J. Traub, T. Sielhorst, S.M. Heining, N. Navab Advanced Display and Visualization Concepts for Image Guided Surgery IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology; Special Issue on Medical Displays, Volume 4, Issue 4, Dec. 2008 (bib)
	T. Sielhorst, M. Feuerstein, N. Navab Advanced Medical Displays: A Literature Review of Augmented Reality IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology; Special Issue on Medical Displays, Volume 4, Issue 4, Dec. 2008 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, T. Reichl, J. Vogel, J. Traub, N. Navab New Approaches to Online Estimation of Electromagnetic Tracking Errors for Laparoscopic Ultrasonography Computer Aided Surgery, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 311-323, September 2008 (bib)
	M. Baumhauer, M. Feuerstein, H.P. Meinzer, J. Rassweiler Navigation in Endoscopic Soft Tissue Surgery: Perspectives and Limitations Journal of Endourology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1-16, April 2008 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, T. Mussack, S.M. Heining, N. Navab Intraoperative Laparoscope Augmentation for Port Placement and Resection Planning in Minimally Invasive Liver Resection IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 355-369, March 2008 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein Augmented Reality in Laparoscopic Surgery - New Concepts and Methods for Intraoperative Multimodal Imaging and Hybrid Tracking in Computer Aided Surgery Book, ISBN 978-3-8364-7783-3, Vdm Verlag Dr. Müller. (bib)
	C. Bichlmeier, S.M. Heining, M. Rustaee, N. Navab Laparoscopic Virtual Mirror for Understanding Vessel Structure: Evaluation Study by Twelve Surgeons The Sixth IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, Nara, Japan, Nov. 13 - 16, 2007. (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, T. Reichl, J. Vogel, A. Schneider, H. Feußner, N. Navab Magneto-optic Tracking of a Flexible Laparoscopic Ultrasound Transducer for Laparoscope Augmentation Proceedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2007), Brisbane, Australia, October/November 2007. The original publication is available online at www.springerlink.com (bib)
	M. Feuerstein Augmented Reality in Laparoscopic Surgery - New Concepts for Intraoperative Multimodal Imaging PhD Thesis. The original (high-resolution) publication is available online at mediatum.ub.tum.de (bib)
	N. Navab, J. Traub, T. Sielhorst, M. Feuerstein, C. Bichlmeier Action- and Workflow-Driven Augmented Reality for Computer-Aided Medical Procedures IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 10-14, Sept/Oct, 2007 (bib)
	T. Reichl Online Error Correction for the Tracking of Laparoscopic Ultrasound Diploma Thesis. Technische Universität München, July 2007 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, T. Mussack, S.M. Heining, N. Navab Registration-free Laparoscope Superimposition for Intra-Operative Planning of Liver Resection 3rd Russian-Bavarian Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Erlangen, Germany, July 2/3 2007 (bib)
	R. Bauernschmitt, M. Feuerstein, J. Traub, E.U. Schirmbeck, G. Klinker, R. Lange Optimal port placement and enhanced guidance in robotically assisted cardiac surgery Surgical Endoscopy, Volume 21, Number 4, April 2007 (bib)
	N. Navab, M. Feuerstein, C. Bichlmeier Laparoscopic Virtual Mirror - New Interaction Paradigm for Monitor Based Augmented Reality Virtual Reality, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, March 10-14, 2007 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, T. Mussack, S.M. Heining, N. Navab Registration-Free Laparoscope Augmentation for Intra-Operative Liver Resection Planning SPIE Medical Imaging, San Diego, California, USA, 17-22 February 2007 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, S.M. Wildhirt, R. Bauernschmitt, N. Navab Automatic Patient Registration for Port Placement in Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgery Proceedings of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2005), Palm Springs, USA, October 2005. The original publication is available online at www.springerlink.com (bib)
	J. Traub, S. Wiesner, M. Feuerstein, H. Feußner, N. Navab Evaluation of Calibration Methods for Laparoscope Augmentation 4. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Computer-und Roboter-Assistierte Chirurgie (CURAC 2005), Berlin, Germany, September 2005 (bib)
	J. Traub, S. Wiesner, M. Feuerstein, H. Feußner, N. Navab Evaluation of Calibration Methods for Laparoscope Augmentation 4. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Computer-und Roboter-Assistierte Chirurgie (CURAC 2005), Berlin, Germany, September 2005 (bib)
	M. Feuerstein, N. Navab, E.U. Schirmbeck, S.M. Wildhirt, R. Lange, R. Bauernschmitt Endocsope Augmentation for Port Placement and Navigation for Rigid Anatomy 4. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Computer-und Roboter-Assistierte Chirurgie (CURAC 2005), Berlin, Germany, September 2005 (bib)
	B. Olbrich, J. Traub, S. Wiesner, A. Wiechert, H. Feußner, N. Navab Respiratory Motion Analysis: Towards Gated Augmentation of the Liver Proceedings of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS 2005), pp. 248-253, Berlin, Germany, June 2005 (bib)
	R. Bauernschmitt, M. Feuerstein, E.U. Schirmbeck, J. Traub, G. Klinker, S.M. Wildhirt, R. Lange Improved Preoperative Planning in Robotic Heart Surgery IEEE Proceedings of Computers in Cardiology (CinC 2004), pp. 773 - 776, Chicago, USA, September 2004 (bib)
	J. Traub, M. Feuerstein, M. Bauer, E.U. Schirmbeck, H. Najafi, R. Bauernschmitt, G. Klinker Augmented Reality for Port Placement and Navigation in Robotically Assisted Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery Proceedings of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS 2004), pp. 735 - 740, Chicago, USA, June 2004 (bib)
	J. Traub, M. Feuerstein, M. Bauer, E.U. Schirmbeck, H. Najafi, R. Bauernschmitt, G. Klinker Augmented Reality for Port Placement and Navigation in Robotically Assisted Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery Proceedings of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS 2004), pp. 735 - 740, Chicago, USA, June 2004 (bib)

Current Related Diploma & Master Thesis

• Hotspot Visualization for Intra Operative Augmented Reality
• Intraoperative Guidance via Medical Augmented Reality