...under construction...
Higher-level image interpretatin systems typically consist of many tightly-coupled modules, each related to a particular aspect of the interpretation task. When such a system produces wrong results, programmers generally spend a lot of time writing special-purpose display routines to facilitate investigating the problem. This paper presents an attempt at unifying such efforts by merging graphics programming with debugging technology. Several generalizations are necessary to provide useful general-purpos display mechanisms: 1) The mechanisms need to be highly interactive such taht programmers can select and change display preferences at debugging time. 2) The display routines should not be restricted to traditional, two-dimensional images. 3) The programmer must be able to visualize the data-dependent relationships between modules. VDI is a general-purpose Visual Debugging Interface designed to provide these generalizations. It is highly interactive, operates on arrays of arbitrary dimensionality, and provides mechanisms to describe dependencies between the results generated by various interdependent modules.
Videos
We have developed an environment for telecollaborative data exploration. It provides the following capabilities essential to data exploration: (1) Users can probe the data, defining regions of interest with arbitrary shapes. (2) The selected data can be transformed and displayed in many different ways. (3) Linked cursors can be established between several windows showing data sets with arbitrary relationships. (4) Data can be displayed on any screen across a computer network, allowing for telecollaboration arrangements with linked cursors around the world. (5) Our system is user-extensible, allowing programmers to change any component of it while keeping the remaining functionality. We demonstrate how the system can be used in several applications, such as biomedical imaging, robotics, and wood classification.
Videos
Shown is a serial section from the thyroid of the rat. The tissue has been stained so that blood capillaries appear blueish.
In the movie, the data is shown in two windows that are used for tele-collaboration. The cursors of the two windows are cross-linked such that we can independently annotate the data in each window using different colors. The annotations are shown in both windows. Using the built-in networking facilities of X-Windows, we send one of the windows to a communication partner across our computer network. Users can customize the individual views. For example, they can resize the window or recolor it. This technology can be used to share data between any X-based displays around the world. We have established such connections across the United States as well as between the US and Sweden.
Our system combines tele-collaboration with extensive data exploration tools. Users can interactively establish linked cursors between many different data sets. For example, we can link images with histograms or scatter plots.
For the thyroid image, researchers are interested in developing methods to automatically quantify tissue vascularity by detecting the blue pixels in the image. When the user outlines an area of the histogram, our system highlights all pixels with such colors. Such cross-linking between the image and the histogram is essential to the statistical analysis of image data.
Our system uses a visual programming interface with which users interactively set up and modify their data exploration environment. Because of this interactive flexibility, the system is amenable to many forms of data exploration in a tele-collaborative environment.
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With the SNAKES algorithm we can interactively sketch an outline. The algorithm then smoothes the contour and adjusts its contour to coincide with places of maximal response from an edge detector. Users can adjust the outline interactively as necessary.
We use a suite of interactive data exploration tools to study how the generated outline depends on the edge detector.
Alltogether, the visualizations illustrate that the intended computation of the average intensity value of the lymph data is critically dependent on the boundary detection heuristics. Our visualization tools can be used to explore a suite of different edge operators approximating the first or second derivative of the image data to determine which arrangement suits the lymph data best and why.
Videos
1996 | |
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G. Klinker
Interactive Visualization Environment with Improved Visual Programming Interface US Patent 5,590,271. (bib) |
1995 | |
I. Carlbom, T. Kapur, G. Klinker, D. Terzopoulos, L. Thurfjell
General-Purpose Soft Tissue Segmentation from Medical Images Theory and Applications of Image Processing II - Selected contributions of the 9. Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA), Swedish Society for Automated Image Analysis, ed. G. Borgefors, World Scientific, July 1995. (Also in the Proc. of SCIA, Uppsala, Sweden, June 1995, S. 905-912). (bib) |
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G. Klinker, I. Carlbom, W. Hsu, D. Terzopoulos
Biomedical Data Exploration Meets Telecollaboration Proc. 1rst International Conference on Computer Vision, Virtual Reality and Robotics in Medicine (CVRMed'95), Nice, France, Apr. 1995, Springer Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 905 (ed. N. Ayache), pp. 84-91. (Extended version with color figures can be found in CRL TR 94/6). (bib) |
1994 | |
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G. Klinker, I. Carlbom, W. Hsu, D. Terzopoulos
Scientific Data Exploration Meets Telecollaboration Technical report 94/6, Digital Equipment Corporation, Cambridge Research Lab (DEC-CRL), One Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA, June 1994. (Extended version of paper at CVRMed 1995). (bib) |
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G. Klinker, I-Yu Chen
PerfVisS: A Performance Visualizer for High Performance Fortran Programs on Workstation Farms Technical report 94/4, Digital Equipment Corporation, Cambridge Research Lab (DEC-CRL), One Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA, June 1994. (bib) |
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G. Klinker
Coroutine Synchronization in AVS 3rd International AVS User Group Conference (AVS'94), Boston, MA, May 2-4, 1994. (bib) |
1993 | |
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G. Klinker
An Environment for Telecollaborative Data Exploration IEEE Visualization'93, San Jose, CA, Okt. 1993, pp. 110-118. (bib) |
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G. Klinker
Interactive Data Exploration and Telecollaboration in Biomedicine Using AVS 2nd International AVS User Group Conference (AVS'93), Walt Disney Dolphin, FL, May 24-26, 1993. (bib) |
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G. Klinker
An Environment for Empirical Data Interpretation White paper, Digital Equipment Corporation, Cambridge Research Lab (DEC-CRL), One Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA, January 1993. (Detailed description of the fundamental concepts presented in later publications). (bib) |
1992 | |
I. Carlbom, W. Hsu, G. Klinker, R. Szeliski, K. Waters, M. Doyle, J. Gettys, K.M. Harris, T.M. Levergood, R. Palmer, L. Palmer, M. Picart, D. Terzopoulos, D. Tonnesen, M. Vannier, G. Wallace
Modeling and Analysis of Empirical Data in Collaborative Environments Communications of the ACM (CACM), Special Issue on the Siggraph'92 Showcase, Vol. 35, Number 6, June, 1992. (bib) |
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G. Klinker
VDI - A Visual Debugging Interface for Image Interpretation and Other Applications in Advances in Scientific Visualization, F.H. Post and A.J.S. Hin (eds.), Springer Verlag, 1992. (Selected paper from the Eurographics Workshop on Visualization in Scientific Computing, Delft, Netherlands, April 1991.) (bib) |
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1991 | |
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G. Klinker
We Need Interactive Data Interpretation Rather Than interactive Data Visualization Position Paper for the Workshop on Scientific Visualization Environments, IEEE Visualization'91, Okt. 1991. (bib) |
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G. Klinker
VDI - A Visual Debugging Interface for Image Interpretation and Other Applications Technical report 91/2, Digital Equipment Corporation, Cambridge Research Lab (DEC-CRL), One Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA, March 1991. (bib) |